For forced vents, flow rates and direction can be user-specified or included in the simulation by accounting for user-specified fan and duct characteristics.
Wind and stack effects can be taken into account. It can be used to predict the actuation time of fixed temperature heat detectors and sprinkler heads subject to a user specified fire. DETACT-QS assumes that the thermal device is located in a relatively large area, that is only the fire ceiling flow heats the device and there is no heating from the accumulated hot gases in the room. The required program inputs are the height of the ceiling above the fuel, the distance of the thermal device from the axis of the fire, the actuation temperature of the thermal device, the response time index RTI for the device, and the rate of heat release of the fire.
The program outputs are the ceiling gas temperature and the device temperature both as a function of time and the time required for device actuation. It can be used to predict the actuation time of fixed temperature and rate of rise heat detectors, and sprinkler heads subject to a user specified fire which grows as the square of time.
CT-T2 assumes that the thermal device is located in a relatively large area, that is only the fire ceiling flow heats the device and there is no heating from the accumulated hot gases in the room. The required program inputs are the ambient temperature, the response time index RTI for the device, the activation and rate of rise temperatures of the device, height of the ceiling above the fuel, the device spacing and the fire growth rate.
The program outputs are the time to device activation and the heat release rate at activation. ELVAC Elevator Evacuation is an interactive computer program that estimates the time required to evacuate people from a building with the use of elevators and stairs.
It is cautioned that elevators generally are not intended as a means of fire evacuation, and they should not be used during fires. However, it is possible to design elevator systems that for fire emergencies, and ELVAC can be used to evaluate the potential performance of such systems. ELVAC calculates the evacuation time for one group of elevators. Input consists of floor to floor heights, number of people on floors, number of elevators in the group, elevator speed, elevator acceleration, elevator capacity, elevator door type and width, and various inefficiency factors.
The output is a table of elevator travel time, round trip time, people moved, and number of round trips for each floor plus the total evacuation time. FIRDEMND simulates the suppression of post flashover charring and non-charring solid-fuel fires in compartments using water sprays from portable hose-nozzle equipment used by the fire departments.
The output of the Fire Demand Model FDM shows the extinguishing effects of water spray at various flow rates and droplet sizes. STEPS populates a 3D computer model of an actual or proposed environment with virtual people, producing a realistic, easily comprehended simulation of crowd behaviour. Visit steps. Would you like to hear more from us?
Sign up to receive notifications No thank you Yes please. Welcome to the homepage for the Data61 Evacuation Modelling Team! Decision Support System The Evacuation Modelling Decision Support System DSS is a software application that is intended as an aid to: Carry out a preliminary analysis of the potential impact of a predicted hazard on a road network; Design an evacuation scenario to be simulated; Run an evacuation simulation; Visualize the outcome of the simulated evacuation and produce summary results.
Learn about our Decision Support System. However, if the Examples might include widening the doors to the stairways, reducing the load capacity of a floor, or designing additional stairways. Each of these proposed changes would need to be recalculated which increases the project time. This example is quite modest, yet stadium projects often exceed 50, occupants with complex routes of stairs, corridors, and aisles. Therefore any changes made to a larger project are going to significantly impact the amount of effort required to recalculate by hand.
Confidence in hand calculations may falter as the complexity of the model rises unless special attention is paid to the assumptions made. In a theater model, occupants will have additional time to exit their seats and file into the aisles. Hospital analyses may require the implementation of assisted evacuation for disabled occupants. These situations present unique challenges, and also offer up many opportunities for human error.
A miscalculation may be hard to detect if there is no way to compare with expected results. For this reason, it is important to visualize large models for a quick sanity check.
Visual results are difficult with only hand calculations, as there are only a few values to draw conclusions from. The travel time for each section and flow rates through doors can only give a yes or no indication of whether the proposed design meets a total evacuation time requirement. These results do not explain why the design does or does not meet requirements via a demonstration of traffic movement. Densities are only calculated at doorways and therefore it can be hard to understand congestion in corridors, stairwells, and corners.
Without information on individual occupants, it is harder to determine different exit times of alternate routes. Statistics on individual speed or jam time become impossible. When considering multiple models, feature lists can list an exhaustive amount of information that is often difficult to compare. In the spirit of the previously shown model review, this section will highlight the fundamental design choices that allow a model to overcome the problems identified earlier. These areas can vary wildly between models and impact the capabilities most.
Time savings from a simulation tool requires learning to be efficient, and understanding how to create or import a building model is one of the biggest obstacles. When creating 3D spaces, even users who are accustomed to other 3D CAD engineering tools are likely to find a few unfamiliar options.
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